Unit+IV++Society

After reading Chapter Four, you should be able to:
 * Define //society//.
 * Explain how Lenski uses technological development as a criterion for classifying societies at different levels of evolutionary development and identify five types of societies according to their technology.
 * Summarize how technology shapes societies at different stages of sociological evolution.
 * Explain the central role of social conflict in Marx’s theory.
 * Outline Karl Marx’s model of society.
 * Explain Marx’s analysis of conflict throughout history.
 * Cite Marx’s ways in which capitalism alienates workers.
 * Explain Weber’s notion of ideal types.
 * Examine how Weber used the concept of the rationalization of society as a means of understanding and interpreting historical change.
 * Identify seven characteristics of a rational social organization.
 * Define Durkheim’s concepts of structure by function and personality.
 * Explain Durkheim’s idea of how an expansion in a society’s division of labor promotes a shift from mechanical to organic solidarity.
 * Identify major similarities and differences among the analyses of society developed by Lenski, Marx, Weber, and Durkheim.

Key Vocabulary:
 * Society
 * Sociocultural Evolution
 * Hunting and Gathering
 * Horticulture
 * Pastoralism
 * Agriculture
 * Industrialism
 * Postindustrialism
 * Capitalists
 * Proletarians
 * Social Institutions
 * False Consciousness
 * Class Conflict
 * Class Consciousness
 * Alienation
 * Ideal Type
 * Tradition
 * Rationality
 * Rationalization of Society
 * Anomie
 * Mechanical Solidarity
 * Organic Solidarity
 * Division of Labor